중간고사
GPIO 주요 핀 번호
- 12번 : LED
# LED LED = 12 GPIO.setup(LED, GPIO.OUT) -
13번 : DC 모터
# DC Motor DC = 13 GPIO.setup(DC, GPIO.OUT) PWM_DC = GPIO.PWM(DC, 1000) PWM_DC.start(0) -
20번 : 부저
# Buzer BUZ = 20 GPIO.setup(BUZ, GPIO.OUT) PWM_BUZ = GPIO.PWM(BUZ, 1000) PWM_BUZ.start(0) - 2번 : B LED
- 3번 : G LED
- 4번 : R LED
-
19번 : RGB Power
# RGB LED RGBPOWER = 19 RED = 4 GREEN = 3 BLUE = 2 GPIO.setup(RGBPOWER, GPIO.OUT) GPIO.setup(RED, GPIO.OUT) GPIO.setup(GREEN, GPIO.OUT) GPIO.setup(BLUE, GPIO.OUT) GPIO.output(RGBPOWER, 1) PWM_RED = GPIO.PWM(RED, 100) PWM_RED.start(0) PWM_GREEN = GPIO.PWM(GREEN, 100) PWM_GREEN.start(0) PWM_BLUE = GPIO.PWM(BLUE, 100) PWM_BLUE.start(0) - 5번 : Water Pump
-
6번 : Fan
# FAN FAN = 6 GPIO.setup(FAN, GPIO.OUT) PWM_FAN = GPIO.PWM(FAN, 100) PWM_FAN.start(0) -
23번 : 서보 모터
# Servo Motor RCSERVO = 23 GPIO.setup(RCSERVO, GPIO.OUT) PWM_RC=GPIO.PWM(RCSERVO, 100) PWM_RC.start(7.5) - 27번 : 모션 센서(PLR_Sensor)
# 모션 센서(PIR Sensor) MOTION = 27 GPIO.setup(MOTION, GPIO.IN) - 18번 : GPIO_TRIGGER
- 21번 : GPIO_ECHO
# Ultrasonic Sensor ECHO = 21 GPIO.setup(ECHO, GPIO.IN) TRIGGER = 18 GPIO.setup(TRIGGER, GPIO.OUT) - 22번 : 근접 센서
# 근접 센서 PROXY = 22 GPIO.setup(PROXY, GPIO.IN)
GPIO.IN 1 / 0 구분
# GPIO.IN 종류
## 모션 센서(PIR Sensor)
### 1: Motion Detect / 0: Not Detect
MOTION = 27
GPIO.setup(MOTION, GPIO.IN)
## GPIO_ECHO (Ultrasonic 중)
### 0: 에코핀 ON(이때부터 TRIGGER 감지 시작) / 1: 에코핀 OFF
ECHO = 21
GPIO.setup(ECHO, GPIO.IN)
TRIGGER = 18
GPIO.setup(TRIGGER, GPIO.OUT)
## 근접 센서
### 1: Not Detect(불 1개) / 0: Proxy Detect(불 2개)
PROXY = 22
GPIO.setup(PROXY, GPIO.IN)
주요 코드
default
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import sys
import time
import signal
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
print("process stop")
GPIO.cleanup()
sys.exit(0)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
setRGB
def setRGB(r, g, b):
PWM_RED.ChangeDutyCycle(r)
PWM_GREEN.ChangeDutyCycle(g)
PWM_BLUE.ChangeDutyCycle(b)
Ultrasonic Sensor
while True:
stop = 0
start = 0
GPIO.output(TRIGGER, False)
time.sleep(0.5)
GPIO.output(TRIGGER, True)
time.sleep(0.00001)
GPIO.output(TRIGGER, False)
while GPIO.input(ECHO) == 0:
start = time.time()
while GPIO.input(ECHO) == 1:
stop = time.time()
elapsed = stop - start
if (stop and start):
distance = (elapsed * 34000) / 2
print("Distance: %.1f cm" %distance)
GPIO 모듈
https://sooking87.github.io/sensor%20programming/sensor-programming-4/
🌟 인터럽트 처리
시그널을 통해서 처리하고, 여기서 시그널 핸들러 함수의 경우는 시그널이 발생했을 때, 발생해야되는 코드를 함수 부분에 넣어주면 된다.
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
print('process stop')
GPIO.cleanup()
sys.exit(0)
# Signal 수신 함수. signal(시그널:interrupt, 이벤트 핸들러 함수)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
이렇게만 처리해주면 알아서 처리하는 듯?
🌟 이벤트 처리
-
GPIO.add_event_detect(channel, GPIO.FALLING/RISING, callback=my_callback, bouncetime=정수)
- 채널 부분에는 해당 핀 번호를 입력하면 된다.
- bouncetime: 스위치를 눌렀을 때 발생할 수 잇는 바운싱 또는 채터링을 막기 위해 delay 시간을 주는 것(ms)
-
GPIO.remove_event_detect(channel)
시험 예상 문제
가까워지면 서보 모터를 90도 돌리는 문제
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO_TRIGGER = 18
GPIO_ECHO = 21
GPIO_MOTOR = 23
GPIO.setup(GPIO_TRIGGER, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(GPIO_ECHO, GPIO.IN)
GPIO.setup(GPIO_MOTOR, GPIO.OUT)
PWM_RC=GPIO.PWM(GPIO_MOTOR, 100)
PWM_RC.start(7.5)
try:
while True:
stop = 0
start = 0
# 먼저 트리거 핀을 OFF 상태로 유지한다.
GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, False)
time.sleep(2)
GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, True)
time.sleep(0.00001)
GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, False)
# 에코핀이 ON되는 시점을 시작 시간으로 잡는다.
while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO) == 0:
start = time.time()
# 에코 핀이 다시 OFF되는 시점을 반사파 수신 시간으로 잡는다.
while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO) == 1:
stop = time.time()
# Calculate pulse length
elapsed = stop - start
if (stop and start):
distance = (elapsed * 34000.0) / 2
if distance <= 10:
PWM_RC.ChangeDutyCycle(5)
time.sleep(1)
PWM_RC.ChangeDutyCycle(95)
time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Ultrasoic Distance Measurement End")
GPIO.cleanup()
# Reset GPIO settings
GPIO.cleanup()
약, 중, 강 입력값에 따라 펜 돌리기
약(R), 중(G), 강(B) 입력값에 따라 펜 돌리기 + RGB LED까지 출력
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import sys
import time
import signal
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
print('process stop')
GPIO.cleanup()
sys.exit(0)
# Signal 수신 함수. signal(시그널:interrupt, 이벤트 핸들러 함수)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
# defualt
# Pin num
FAN = 6
RGBPOWER = 19
RED = 4
GREEN = 3
BLUE = 2
# set
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(FAN, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(RGBPOWER, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(RED, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(GREEN, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(BLUE, GPIO.OUT)
# PWM 인스턴스 만들기
PWM_FAN = GPIO.PWM(FAN, 100)
PWM_FAN.start(0)
GPIO.output(RGBPOWER, 1)
# start
while True:
command = input("low / middle / high / off: ")
if (command == "low"):
# time.sleep(1) # turnOn 1초 뒤에 turnOnFan 시작
PWM_FAN.ChangeDutyCycle(30)
GPIO.output(RED, 1)
# GPIO.output(BLUE, 0)
# GPIO.output(GREEN, 0)
# GPIO.add_event_detect(RED, GPIO.RISING, callback=blink)
elif (command == "middle"):
PWM_FAN.ChangeDutyCycle(60)
GPIO.output(RED, 0)
GPIO.output(BLUE, 0)
GPIO.output(GREEN, 1)
elif (command == "high"):
PWM_FAN.ChangeDutyCycle(100)
GPIO.output(RED, 0)
GPIO.output(BLUE, 1)
GPIO.output(GREEN, 0)
else:
PWM_FAN.ChangeDutyCycle(0)
GPIO.output(RGBPOWER, 0)
GPIO.output(RED, 0)
GPIO.output(BLUE, 0)
GPIO.output(GREEN, 0)
GPIO.cleanup()
sys.exit(0)
신호등 만들기
- 빨간불 2초
- 노란불 1초
- 파란불 4초
노란불에서 파란불로 바뀌게되면 부저에서 소리가 2번나고, 노란불에서 빨간불로 바뀌게 되면 소리가 1번 난다.
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import sys
import time
import signal
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
print('process stop')
GPIO.cleanup()
sys.exit(0)
# Signal 수신 함수. signal(시그널:interrupt, 이벤트 핸들러 함수)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
def setRGB(r, g, b):
PWM_RED.ChangeDutyCycle(r)
PWM_GREEN.ChangeDutyCycle(g)
PWM_BLUE.ChangeDutyCycle(b)
def Buzz(t):
for i in range(t):
GPIO.output(BUZ, 1)
time.sleep(0.3)
GPIO.output(BUZ, 0)
time.sleep(0.3)
# GPIO.output(LED, 1)
# time.sleep(1)
#
# GPIO.output(LED, 0)
# time.sleep(1)
# default
# pin num
BUZ = 20
RGBPOWER = 19
RED = 4
GREEN = 3
BLUE = 2
## 부저가 너무 시끄러워서 일단 LED로 대체ㅐ
LED = 12
# set
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(BUZ, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(RGBPOWER, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(RED, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(GREEN, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(BLUE, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(LED, GPIO.OUT)
# PWM
PWM_RED = GPIO.PWM(RED, 100)
PWM_RED.start(100)
PWM_GREEN = GPIO.PWM(GREEN, 100)
PWM_GREEN.start(0)
PWM_BLUE = GPIO.PWM(BLUE, 100)
PWM_BLUE.start(0)
GPIO.output(RGBPOWER, True) # 이거 꼭!
while True:
# 빨간불 2초
setRGB(1, 0, 0)
time.sleep(2)
# 노란불 1초
setRGB(1, 1, 0)
time.sleep(1)
Buzz(2)
# 파란불 4초
setRGB(0, 0, 1)
time.sleep(4)
# 노란불 1초
setRGB(1, 1, 0)
time.sleep(1)
Buzz(1)
모션 센서에 모션이 감지되면 빨간불 3번과 소리 3번이 교차로 발생
부저가 너무 시끄러운 관계로 핀 12번 LED를 사용하였고, 동시에 FAN까지 컨트롤 하였다.
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
import sys
import signal
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
print('process stop')
GPIO.cleanup()
sys.exit(0)
# Signal 수신 함수. signal(시그널:interrupt, 이벤트 핸들러 함수)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
# 카운터 값을 하나 증가해준다.
def my_callback(channel):
print("my_callback")
def setRGB(r, g, b):
PWM_RED.ChangeDutyCycle(r)
PWM_GREEN.ChangeDutyCycle(g)
PWM_BLUE.ChangeDutyCycle(b)
def loop():
print("loop()")
GPIO.output(FAN, 100)
setRGB(100, 0, 0)
time.sleep(0.3)
setRGB(0, 0, 0)
time.sleep(0.3)
PWM_BUZ.ChangeDutyCycle(20)
time.sleep(0.3)
PWM_BUZ.ChangeDutyCycle(0)
time.sleep(0.3)
# default
# PIN NUM
# MOTION = 27
MOTION = 22
RGBPOWER = 19
R = 4
G = 3
B = 2
# BUZ = 20
BUZ = 12
FAN = 6
# SET
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(MOTION, GPIO.IN)
GPIO.setup(RGBPOWER, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(R, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(G, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(B, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(BUZ, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(FAN, GPIO.OUT)
# PWM 굳이 넣기 위해서 소리가 커졌다가 작아졌다가 하는 것으로 함.
PWM_BUZ = GPIO.PWM(BUZ, 1000)
PWM_BUZ.start(0)
PWM_RED = GPIO.PWM(R, 100)
PWM_RED.start(0)
PWM_GREEN = GPIO.PWM(G, 100)
PWM_GREEN.start(0)
PWM_BLUE = GPIO.PWM(B, 100)
PWM_BLUE.start(0)
GPIO.output(RGBPOWER, 1)
# 이벤트 처리
GPIO.add_event_detect(MOTION, GPIO.RISING, callback=my_callback)
while True:
# motion sensor가 1이 된다는 것은 모션을 인지를 했다는 것
# 조도 센서의 경우는 열 감지 X -> 1
if (GPIO.input(MOTION) == 0):
print("*")
loop()
else:
GPIO.output(FAN, 0)
자동차 후방 감지기
- 5cm 이내 접근: led 빨간색 + 부저(0.2s)
- 10cm 이내 접근: led 노란색 + 부저(0.5s)
- 20cm 이내 접근: led 초록색 + 부저(1s)
- 그외 파란색
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
import sys
import signal
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
print('process stop')
GPIO.cleanup()
sys.exit(0)
# Signal 수신 함수. signal(시그널:interrupt, 이벤트 핸들러 함수)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
def setRGB(r, g, b):
PWM_RED.ChangeDutyCycle(r)
PWM_GREEN.ChangeDutyCycle(g)
PWM_BLUE.ChangeDutyCycle(b)
# default
# PIN NUM
TRIGGER = 18
ECHO = 21
RGBPOWER = 19
R = 4
G = 3
B = 2
BUZ = 20
# SET
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(TRIGGER, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(ECHO, GPIO.IN)
GPIO.setup(RGBPOWER, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(R, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(G, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(B, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(BUZ, GPIO.OUT)
# PWM(PIN, Hz)
PWM_BUZ = GPIO.PWM(BUZ, 1000)
PWM_BUZ.start(0)
PWM_RED = GPIO.PWM(R, 100)
PWM_RED.start(0)
PWM_GREEN = GPIO.PWM(G, 100)
PWM_GREEN.start(0)
PWM_BLUE = GPIO.PWM(B, 100)
PWM_BLUE.start(0)
GPIO.output(RGBPOWER, 1)
while True:
stop = 0
start = 0
GPIO.output(TRIGGER, False)
time.sleep(0.5)
GPIO.output(TRIGGER, True)
time.sleep(0.00001)
GPIO.output(TRIGGER, False)
while GPIO.input(ECHO) == 0:
start = time.time()
while GPIO.input(ECHO) == 1:
stop = time.time()
elapsed = stop - start
if (stop and start):
distance = (elapsed * 34000) / 2
print("Distance: %.1f cm" %distance)
# 가까이 올수록 소리가 높아지는 경우
if (distance <= 20):
REDPercent = abs(100 - distance)
GREENPercent = abs(50 - distance)
BLUEPercent = abs(10 - distance)
PWM_BUZ.ChangeFrequency(1000)
for i in range(5):
setRGB(REDPercent, GREENPercent, BLUEPercent)
PWM_BUZ.ChangeDutyCycle(20)
time.sleep(0.01 * distance)
PWM_BUZ.ChangeDutyCycle(0)
time.sleep(0.01 * distance)
else:
setRGB(0, 0, 100)
감성 조명 구현
인풋이 너무 제한적이라서,,, 결국, 전에 했던 rainbow.py와 비슷해질듯.
해봐야 Ultrasonic 써가지고 가까워지면 밝아지고, 멀어지면 어두워지는 정도?
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import sys
import time
import signal
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
print("process stop")
GPIO.cleanup()
sys.exit(0)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
def setRGB(r, g, b):
PWM_RED.ChangeDutyCycle(r)
PWM_GREEN.ChangeDutyCycle(g)
PWM_BLUE.ChangeDutyCycle(b)
# default
RGBPOWER = 19
R = 4
G = 3
B = 2
TRIGGER = 18
ECHO = 21
# SET
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(ECHO, GPIO.IN)
GPIO.setup(TRIGGER, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(RGBPOWER, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(R, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(G, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(B, GPIO.OUT)
# PWM Instance
PWM_RED = GPIO.PWM(R, 100)
PWM_RED.start(0)
PWM_GREEN = GPIO.PWM(G, 100)
PWM_GREEN.start(0)
PWM_BLUE = GPIO.PWM(B, 100)
PWM_BLUE.start(0)
GPIO.output(RGBPOWER, 1)
while True:
stop = 0
start = 0
GPIO.output(TRIGGER, False)
time.sleep(0.5)
GPIO.output(TRIGGER, True)
time.sleep(0.00001)
GPIO.output(TRIGGER, False)
while GPIO.input(ECHO) == 0:
start = time.time()
while GPIO.input(ECHO) == 1:
stop = time.time()
elapsed = stop - start
if (stop and start):
distance = (elapsed * 34000) / 2
print("Distance: %.1f cm" %distance)
redPercent = abs(20 - distance)
greenPercent = distance
bluePercent = abs(100 - distance)
setRGB(redPercent, greenPercent, bluePercent)
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